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what does it mean to call a man a bitch

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Pejorative slang word for a person or affair, mainly a woman

The slang usage of the give-and-take bitch is apparent on the sign in this protest.

Bitch ( bich)[1] is a pejorative slang word for a person, usually a woman. When applied to a woman or daughter, it means someone who is belligerent, unreasonable, malicious, controlling, aggressive, or dominant.[ii] When applied to a homo or boy, bitch reverses its meaning and is a derogatory term for being subordinate, weak, or cowardly.

The term bitch is i of the near common curse words in the English language. It has been used every bit a "term of contempt towards women" for "over half dozen centuries,"[3] and is a slur that fosters sexism against women.[iv] Information technology has been characterized equally "an archaic word demeaning women since equally early as the 15th century" that seeks to command women.[5] The word is considered taboo in mainstream media, and euphemisms such every bit "the B-discussion" are used to minimize its negative impact.[6]

The term bowwow literally means a female dog. Its original utilise as a vulgarism carried a pregnant suggesting high sexual want in a woman, comparable to a dog in oestrus.[2] The range of meanings has expanded in modern usage (such as when applied to a man). In a feminist context, it can indicate a strong or assertive woman and has therefore been reappropriated past some women.[7]

History

Literally, a bitch is a female canis familiaris; equally an insult, it originally compared a adult female to a domestic dog in estrus.

Co-ordinate to the Oxford English Dictionary, the term bitch comes from the One-time English word bicce or bicge, meaning "female dog", which dates to effectually 1000 CE. Information technology may accept derived from the before Onetime Norse word bikkja, also meaning "female person canis familiaris".[8] [ix]

"Dog" has long been used as an insult toward both women and men. In ancient Greece, canis familiaris was frequently used in a derogatory sense to refer to someone whose beliefs was improper or transgressive. This could include shamelessness or lack of restraint, lack of hospitality, lack of loyalty, and indiscriminate or excessive violence, amongst other qualities.[10] Over time, classicist C. Franco argues, a "persistent symbolic connection" developed betwixt dogs and women in Greek literature that expressed and reinforced women'south subordinate position in society and their supposedly inferior nature.[x]

At that place may also be a connection between less literal senses of "bitch" and the Greek goddess Artemis. As she is the goddess of the hunt, she was often portrayed with a pack of hunting dogs and sometimes transformed into an animate being herself.[11] She was seen as free, vigorous, cold, impetuous, unsympathetic, wild, and cute.[12]

The earliest use of "bowwow" specifically as a derogatory term for women dates to the fifteenth century.[8] [9] Its primeval slang meaning mainly referred to sexual behavior, according to the English language historian Geoffrey Hughes:[13]

The early applications were to a promiscuous or sensual adult female, a metaphorical extension of the behavior of a bitch in heat. Herein lies the original point of the powerful insult son of a bitch, found as biche sone ca. 1330 in Arthur and Merlin ... while in a spirited substitution in the Chester Play (ca. 1400) a graphic symbol demands: "Whom callest g queine, skabde bitch?" ("Who are you calling a whore, you miserable bowwow?").

Bitch remained a strong insult through the nineteenth century. The entry in Francis Grose's Lexicon of the Vulgar Tongue (1785) reads:

A she dog, or doggess; the well-nigh offensive appellation that tin can be given to an English adult female, even more provoking than that of whore, as may be gathered from the regular Billinsgate or St Giles answer–"I may exist a whore, only can't be a bitch."[14]

Throughout the give-and-take'south evolution into the nineteenth century, it became gradually less offensive. The Oxford English language Dictionary in the nineteenth century described the insult as "strictly a lewd or sensual woman".[15] The word went through many like phases throughout history. Information technology was not until the 20th century that feminism began to reevaluate the term and its cribbing.[sixteen]

In the 1920s, bitch became once once more a mutual insult used confronting women. The term bitch became more popular in mutual language during this era. Between 1915 and 1930, the employ of "bitch" in newspapers and literature more than than doubled.[17] The writing of Ernest Hemingway popularized the more modern meaning of "bitch" in this era. He used it to represent favorable qualities such as ferocity, edginess, and grit.[18] Information technology was during this time that women began gaining more liberty (such as the right to vote through the Nineteenth Amendment).[xix] The word "bitch" during the twenties meant "malicious or consciously attempting to harm", "hard, annoying, or interfering", and "sexually brazen or overly vulgar".[20]

According to Dr. Timothy Jay, in that location are "over 70 different taboo words," but 80 percent of the time only x words are used, and bitch is included in that set.[21] Being called the term bowwow has been associated with worsening the mental health of women.[22]

Modern use

In modern usage, the slang term bowwow has dissimilar meanings depending largely on social context and may vary from very offensive to endearing,[ix] and equally with many slang terms, its meaning and nuances can vary depending on the region in which it is used.

Bowwow wine. "Bowwow" has been reappropriated to have positive meanings in some contexts.

The term bitch tin refer to a person or thing that is very difficult, as in "Life's a bowwow" or "He sure got the bowwow finish of that bargain". It is common for insults to lose intensity every bit their meaning broadens ("bastard" is another example).[13] In the moving picture The Women (1939), Joan Crawford could only allude to the word: "And by the style, there'due south a proper name for yous ladies, but it isn't used in high society - outside of a kennel." At the time, use of the bodily give-and-take would have been censored by the Hays Function. By 1974, Elton John had a hit single (#4 in the U.South. and #14 in the U.Thousand.) with "The Bitch Is Back", in which he says "bitch" repeatedly. It was, yet, censored past some radio stations.[23] On belatedly night U.S. television, the character Emily Litella (1976-1978) on Saturday Night Alive (portrayed past Gilda Radner) would frequently refer to Jane Curtin under her breath at the end of their Weekend Update routine in this way: "Oh! Never mind...! Bitch!"

Bitchin' arose in the 1950s to describe something found to be cool or rad.[24]

Modernistic use tin can include self-description, often as an unfairly difficult person. For instance, in the New York Times bestseller The Bowwow in the Firm, a woman describes her matrimony: "I'm fine all day at work, but as before long every bit I get abode, I'm a horror....I'm the bowwow in the house."[25] Male child George admitted "I was existence a bitch" in a falling out with Elton John.[26]

Mostly, the term bowwow is still considered offensive, and not accustomed in formal situations. According to linguist Deborah Tannen, "Bitch is the most contemptible thing you can say about a adult female. Save perhaps the four-alphabetic character C word."[27] Information technology'south common for the word to be censored on Prime time Television, often rendered as "the b-word". During the 2008 U.South. presidential campaign, a John McCain supporter referred to Hillary Clinton by asking, "How practise we shell the bitch?" The event was reported in censored format:[28]

On CNN's "The State of affairs Room," Washington Mail service media critic and CNN "Reliable Sources" host Howard Kurtz observed that "Senator McCain did not embrace the 'b' word that this woman in the audience used." ABC reporter Kate Snow adopted the same locution. On CNN'southward "Out in the Open up," Rick Sanchez characterized the give-and-take without using it by saying, "Last dark, we showed you a clip of one of his supporters calling Hillary Clinton the b-give-and-take that rhymes with witch." A local Pull a fast one on 25 news reporter made the same movement when he rhymed the unspoken word with rich.

A written report reported that, when used on social media, bitch "aims to promote traditional, cultural beliefs about femininity".[29] Used hundreds of thousands of times per 24-hour interval on such platforms, it is associated with sexist harassment, "victimizing targets", and "shaming" victims who practice not bide past degrading notions about femininity.[29]

Reappropriation

Ii women protesting the debasing 'bowwow' and slut-shaming at New York Metropolis's SlutWalk in Oct 2011[xxx]

In the context of mod feminism, bowwow has varied reappropriated meanings that may connote a strong female (anti-stereotype of weak submissive woman), cunning (equal to males in mental guile), or else it may be used as a tongue-in cheek backhanded compliment for someone who has excelled in an achievement.[7] [31] [32] For example, Bitch magazine describes itself as a "feminist response to pop culture".[33]

Feminist attorney Jo Freeman (Joreen) authored "The Bowwow Manifesto" in 1968:[34] [35]

A Bitch takes shit from no 1. You lot may not like her, just you cannot ignore her....[Bitches] accept loud voices and often employ them. Bitches are non pretty....Bitches seek their identity strictly thru themselves and what they exercise. They are subjects, not objects...Often they do boss other people when roles are not available to them which more than creatively sublimate their energies and utilize their capabilities. More than ofttimes they are accused of domineering when doing what would be considered natural by a human.

Bitch has too been reappropriated by hip-hop culture, rappers use the adjective "bad bitch" to refer to an independent, confident, attractive woman. The term is used in a complimentary mode, meaning the woman is desirable. 1 of the first instances of "bitch" being used in this fashion is in the song "Da Baddest Bitch" by Trina, released in 1999.[36] This tin can also exist seen throughout multiple unlike songs from Rihanna's song entitled "Bad Bowwow" featuring Beyoncé which reiterates the line "I'thou a bad bowwow"[37] multiple times. Nicki Minaj is another female rap icon who uses the term in her song "Starships" where she says "bad bitches like me is hard to come by".[38] This use of the word bitch shows women reappropriating the meaning to be a more positive and empowering discussion for women.

The increased usage of the word bitch casually or in a friendly style past women has been characterized by Sherryl Kleynman as a result of the assimilation of sexist culture by women.[2] Such usage has been cited by Kleinman et al. equally increasing the perception the word is adequate and excusing men who use it against women.[39]

Pop culture

In popular culture, the utilise of the term bitch has increased through media such every bit television, movies, magazines, social media, etc. The use of the discussion "bitch" on goggle box shows tripled between 1998 and 2007, which had much to exercise with the word's feminist facelift in the previous decade.[36]

In a 2006 interview titled "Pop Goes the Feminist", Bowwow mag co-founder Andi Zeisler explained the naming of the magazine:[7]

When we chose the name, nosotros were thinking, well, it would be great to reclaim the word "bitch" for potent, outspoken women, much the same style that "queer" has been reclaimed past the gay community. That was very much on our minds, the positive power of language reclamation.

Popular civilisation contains a number of slogans of cocky-identification based on bowwow. For example,

  • "You telephone call me 'Bitch' like it'southward a bad thing."
  • "I go zero to bitch in iii.5 seconds."

There are several backronyms. Heartless Bitches International is a order with the slogan "Because we know BITCH means: Being In Total Control, Honey!" Other imagined acronyms include

  • "Beautiful Intelligent Talented Creative Honest"
  • "Beautiful Private That Causes Hardons"[40]
  • "Infant In Full Control of Herself".[41]

Equally stated in Scallen's Bowwow Thesis, "As Asim demonstrates with his discussion of the appropriation of the N word past black communities, the term bitch is deployed in pop civilisation in multiple ways (with multiple meanings) at the same time."[42] Derogatory terms are constantly appropriated. Many women, such every bit Nicki Minaj, refer to themselves equally bitches. Past calling oneself a bitch in today'due south civilisation, these women are referencing their success, money, sexuality, and power. Asha Layne's article Now That's a Bad Bitch!: The Land of Women in Hip-Hop, "The change in the meaning of the give-and-take thus subverts the tools of oppression used to dominate women to now empower them."[43]

Hip hop civilisation

One early on rapper to use the word bitch on record was Duke Bootee on his archetype 1983 song with Grandmaster Flash, New York New York. ("He says he own't gonna pay no child support / because the bowwow left him without a 2d thought.") Withal, it is sometimes claimed that Slick Rick's "La Di Da Di" (1985) was the outset rap song to employ the term.[44] Since the late 1980s, the word bitch has been ofttimes used amongst hip-hop artists and followers of the culture, which can be said as "bee-otch", spelled like Biotch, Beyotch, Beotch, etc.[45] One of the outset artists to popularize the pronunciation as beeatch or biatch as a refrain in the late 1980s was Oakland-based rapper As well $hort.

Reaching back to the dozens and muddy blues, early rappers like Slick Rick established the bitch as a character: a woman, often treacherous, but sometimes simply déclassé.[46] Adams and Fuller (2006) state that, in misogynistic rap, a bitch is a "coin-hungry, scandalous, manipulating, and demanding adult female".[45] However, the give-and-take bitch is also frequently used (by male rappers) towards other men in rap lyrics, unremarkably to describe a human being who is a subordinate or homosexual, or a man who is supposedly unmanly or junior in some style.[47] An instance of this is the song Bitches 2 past Ice-T, which gives an instance of a male "bitch" in each verse.

Some female hip hop artists have challenged male rappers' apply of the word bitch to refer to women, with Queen Latifah asking in her 1993 song "U.Due north.I.T.Y.": "Who you callin' a bitch?"[48] [49] Other female rappers from the same era frequently used the term to refer to themselves and/or others, notably Roxanne Shante (who even made a 1992 anthology entitled The Bitch Is Dorsum) and MC Lyte. Popular culture has inspired women to redefine the word bitch as a euphemism for "Potent blackness woman".

In 2016, Kanye West released his 7th studio album called The Life of Pablo. On the song called "Famous" Westward raps, "I experience like me and Taylor might still have sex / Why? I made that bowwow famous." This sparked a controversy with Taylor Swift as she "cautioned him about releasing a vocal with such a potent misogynistic message."[50] In response to Swift's remarks, West went on Twitter and posted a tweet which said how the discussion "bitch" is an endearing term in hip hop like the word "nigga".

In reference to men

When used to describe a male person, bitch may also confer the significant of subordinate, especially to another male, as in prison. By and large, this term is used to indicate that the person is interim outside the confines of their gender roles, such every bit when women are assertive or aggressive, or when men are passive or servile. According to James Coyne from the Department of Psychology at the Academy of California, "'Bitch' serves the social role of isolating and discrediting a class of people who do not adjust to the socially accepted patterns of behavior."[51]

Historically, the term may be used to refer to a man who is nasty, rude or otherwise offensive. In Shakespeare'due south Male monarch Lear (1603), the Earl of Kent refers to Oswald every bit: "...nothing but the composition of a knave, beggar, coward, pandar, and the son and heir of a mongrel bitch..."[52] In Deed II Scene I of Shakespeare'due south Troilus and Cressida, Ajax strikes Thersites, yelling "G bitch-wolf's son, canst grand non hear?"[53]

In the context of prison house sexuality, a bitch is a lower-bureaucracy prisoner, typically physically weak or vulnerable, who is dominated past more senior prisoners and forced to adopt a servile role. Co-ordinate to convention, these inmates are used as sexual slaves or traded as personal belongings.[ citation needed ]

A "prison house bowwow" can also refer to whatsoever subservient entity, as in the Douglas Rushkoff description of a Microsoft - Yahoo partnership: "Yahoo is merely hooking up with the near alpha male visitor it can even so find in order to survive. Microsoft volition soon turn Yahoo into its prison bitch, and this won't be pretty."[54]

In Russian criminal slang, by contrast, a bitch (suka, pl. suki in Russian) is a person from the criminal globe who has cooperated with law enforcement or the government. Suki were placed on the lesser of the prisoner hierarchy. Every bit the definition of "cooperation" was not bars to snitching, just included any course of collaboration, World War II veterans returning to prison were declared suki, leading to the post-WWII Bitch Wars.

Idioms

Son of a bowwow

The first known appearance of "son-of-a-bitch" in a work of American fiction is Seventy-6 (1823), a historical fiction novel set during the American Revolutionary War by eccentric author and critic John Neal.[55] [56] The protagonist, Jonathan Oadley, recounts a battle scene in which he is mounted on a horse: "I wheeled, made a expressionless fix at the son-of-a-bowwow in my rear, unhorsed him, and actually broke through the line."[57]

The term's use equally an insult is as old every bit that of bitch. Euphemistic terms are often substituted, such as gun in the phrase "son of a gun" as opposed to "son of a bitch", or "due south.o.b." for the aforementioned phrase. Like bitch, the severity of the insult has macerated. Roy Blount Jr. in 2008 extolled the virtues of "son of a bitch" (particularly in comparison to "asshole") in common speech and deed.[58] Son of a bowwow can also be used as a "how most that" reaction, or as a reaction to excruciating hurting.

In politics the phrase "Yes, he is a son of a bitch, just he is our son of a bitch" has been attributed, probably apocryphally, to diverse U.S. presidents from Franklin Roosevelt to Richard Nixon.[59] Immediately after the detonation of the start atomic bomb in Alamogordo, New Mexico, in July 1945 (the device codenamed Gadget), the Manhattan Project scientist who served as the manager of the test, Kenneth Tompkins Bainbridge, exclaimed to Robert Oppenheimer "At present we're all sons-of-bitches."[lx]

In January 2022, U.s.a. President Joe Biden was recorded on a hot mic responding to Fox News correspondent Peter Doocy asking, "Practise you think aggrandizement is a political liability ahead of the midterms?" Biden responded sarcastically, saying, "It's a dandy asset — more than inflation. What a stupid son of a bitch."[61]

The 19th-century British racehorse Filho da Puta took its name from "Son of a Bitch" in Portuguese.

The Curtiss SB2C, a World War two U.S. Navy dive bomber, was called "Son-of-a-Bitch 2nd Class" by some of its pilots and crewmen.

In cards

To have the "bitch end" of a hand in poker is to accept the weaker version of the same hand equally another thespian. This situation occurs especially in poker games with community cards. For instance, to have a lower straight than one's opponent is to have the bitch end.[ commendation needed ]

The bitch is slang for the queen of spades.[62]

Other forms

When used as a verb, to bowwow ways to complain. Usage in this context is almost ever pejorative in intent.[63]

As an adjective, the term sometimes has a significant opposite its usual connotations. Something that is bitching (the bowwow) is really great. For example, an admired motorbike may be praised every bit a "bitchin' cycle".[64]

Equivalent words in other languages

A number of other languages, such every bit Swedish, Hungarian, and Slavic languages like Russian utilize their word for female dog in the same vulgar manner (Swedish: hynda, Russian: сука (romanized: súka ), Hungarian: szuka), although they are not used as oft equally other words generally referring to prostitutes.

See also

  • Basic bitches
  • "Bitch" (Law & Society)
  • Bitch mag
  • "Bitch" (Meredith Brooks song)
  • Bottom bowwow
  • 3rd-wave feminism § Reclaiming derogatory terms

References

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Farther reading

  • Why Women Who Succeed Are Called Bitch by Leonard Pitts, Miami Herald, November 2007.
  • Bitch: In Praise of Difficult Women by Elizabeth Wurtzel
  • The B-Word? You Betcha., The Washington Postal service
  • Hughes, Geoffrey. Encyclopedia of Swearing : The Social History of Oaths, Profanity, Foul Language, and Ethnic Slurs in the English-Speaking World. Armonk, N.Y.: Chiliad.Eastward. Sharpe, 2006.
  • The Bitch in the House: 26 Women Tell the Truth most Sexual practice, Solitude, Work, Motherhood, and Marriage, Cathy Hanaeur, ed., reviews in the Atlantic (magazine) past Sandra Tsing Loh

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitch_(slang)#:~:text=When%20applied%20to%20a%20man,words%20in%20the%20English%20language.

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